Skip to content
MEASURED STUDY · 3 NOVEMBER 2026

Which websites
block AI crawlers?

We resolved 30 AI user-agents against the live robots.txt of 389 well-known websites. Every verdict below is measured, dated, and traceable to the rule that produced it. We read them again every week, and the change log records who changed their rules.

See the AI Visibility Index — openness ranked by sector and by provider

131of 389 sites block at least one AI crawler · 246 permit all 30 · median access 100%

Which crawlers get blocked most

Blocking is not evenly distributed. Training crawlers are declined far more often than the search and on-demand fetchers that produce citations — which is the distinction most publishers are actually trying to draw.

User-agentOperatorPurposeSites blockingShare
CCBotCommon Crawltraining dataset9424%
BytespiderByteDancemodel training9224%
ClaudeBotAnthropicmodel training8522%
Applebot-ExtendedAppleApple Intelligence control8121%
DiffbotDiffbotstructured-data extraction7720%
GPTBotOpenAImodel training7620%
Meta-ExternalAgentMetamodel training7118%
AmazonbotAmazonmodel training7118%
cohere-aiCoheremodel training6717%
Google-ExtendedGoogleGemini training control6316%
OmgilibotWebz.iotraining dataset5915%
PerplexityBotPerplexitysearch indexing5715%
TimpibotTimpitraining dataset5614%
YouBotYou.comsearch indexing5414%
Perplexity-UserPerplexityon-demand fetch5013%
ImagesiftBotImageSifttraining dataset5013%
PetalBotHuaweisearch indexing4612%
Meta-ExternalFetcherMetaon-demand fetch4512%
Claude-SearchBotAnthropicsearch indexing4211%
Claude-UserAnthropicon-demand fetch4211%
MistralAI-UserMistral AIon-demand fetch4111%
DuckAssistBotDuckDuckGoon-demand fetch4111%
AI2BotAllen Institute for AImodel training4111%
ChatGPT-UserOpenAIon-demand fetch4010%
Google-CloudVertexBotGoogleVertex AI on-demand fetch3810%
OAI-SearchBotOpenAIsearch indexing277%
GoogleOtherGoogleresearch and development fetch267%
ElevenlabsCrawlerElevenLabsmodel training185%
ElevenlabsBotElevenLabson-demand fetch164%
BingbotMicrosoftCopilot search index10%

How this was measured

For each domain we requested /robots.txt once, over HTTPS, on the apex and then www. The file was parsed into groups and each of the 30 user-agents resolved against it: a direct group wins, otherwise the wildcard group applies, otherwise the crawler is recorded as not listed. Domains that returned nothing on either host are excluded rather than guessed at. A site we have read before keeps that reading, with its date, for up to 13 weeks, so 389 of the sites attempted have a readable policy.

What this does not measure: whether any crawler honoured the policy, whether the content is useful once fetched, or anything about pages behind authentication. robots.txt is a voluntary protocol and a stated preference.

Browse by category

Who started blocking which crawler this week, measured from live robots.txt. Unsubscribe in one click.

Every domain measured

Sorted by the share of tracked AI crawlers permitted, lowest first.

DomainAccessAllowedBlockedNot listed
reddit.com0%0300
pinterest.com7%2280
imdb.com10%3270
instacart.com10%3270
usatoday.com10%3270
globeandmail.com13%4260
sciencedirect.com13%4260
zdnet.com14%4240
reuters.com17%5250
telegraph.co.uk17%5250
thetimes.co.uk17%5250
amazon.com20%6240
theregister.com20%6240
wsj.com20%6240
barrons.com23%7230
cnn.com23%7230
flickr.com23%7230
hackernoon.com23%7230
lifehacker.com23%7230
marketwatch.com23%7230
mashable.com23%7230
theverge.com23%7230
vox.com23%7230
arstechnica.com27%8220
investopedia.com27%8220
nytimes.com27%8220
travelandleisure.com27%8220
verywellhealth.com27%8220
academia.edu30%9210
asahi.com30%9210
cntraveler.com30%9210
dw.com30%9210
nbcnews.com30%9210
netflix.com30%9210
newyorker.com30%9210
wired.com30%9210
bbc.co.uk33%10200
buzzfeednews.com33%10200
huffpost.com33%10200
smh.com.au33%10200
theage.com.au33%10200
lemonde.fr37%11190
spiegel.de37%11190
theatlantic.com40%12180
cnbc.com43%13170
pcmag.com43%13170
bloomberg.com47%14160
france24.com47%14160
nature.com47%14160
fastcompany.com53%16140
inc.com53%16140
slate.com53%16140
corriere.it57%17130
economist.com57%17130
ft.com57%17130
theguardian.com57%17130
behance.net60%18120
disneyplus.com60%18120
elpais.com60%18120
forbes.com60%18120
hulu.com60%18120
quora.com60%18120
tripadvisor.com60%18120
zeit.de60%18120
drugs.com63%19110
howtogeek.com63%19110
makeuseof.com63%19110
newsweek.com63%19110
washingtonpost.com63%19110
xda-developers.com63%19110
apnews.com67%20100
canva.com67%20100
gizmodo.com68%1990
healthline.com70%2190
medicalnewstoday.com70%2190
techcrunch.com70%2190
ebay.com73%2280
androidcentral.com77%2370
figma.com77%2370
medium.com77%2370
techradar.com77%2370
tomshardware.com77%2370
abcnews.go.com80%2460
aliexpress.com80%2460
aljazeera.com80%2460
latimes.com80%2460
metacritic.com80%2460
airbnb.com83%2550
axios.com83%2550
businessinsider.com83%2550
pexels.com83%2550
sciencemag.org83%2550
venturebeat.com83%2550
vimeo.com83%2550
fool.com87%2640
strava.com87%2640
bleepingcomputer.com90%2730
dictionary.com90%2730
fortune.com90%2730
geeksforgeeks.org90%2730
ssrn.com90%2730
tutorialspoint.com90%2730
webmd.com90%2730
alibaba.com93%2820
descript.com93%2820
digitaltrends.com93%2820
goodreads.com93%2820
irishtimes.com93%2820
ai.meta.com97%2910
amplitude.com97%2910
calendly.com97%2910
cbsnews.com97%2910
chewy.com97%2910
giphy.com97%2910
github.com97%2910
ikea.com97%2910
jasper.ai97%2910
jstor.org97%2910
lonelyplanet.com97%2910
loom.com97%2910
myfitnesspal.com97%2910
notion.so97%2910
omio.com97%2910
pnas.org97%2910
researchgate.net97%2910
searchenginejournal.com97%2910
skyscanner.net97%2910
straitstimes.com97%2910
together.ai97%2910
who.int97%0129
yoast.com97%2910
500px.com100%0030
acm.org100%3000
adobe.com100%3000
afar.com100%3000
ahrefs.com100%3000
airtable.com100%3000
anandtech.com100%0030
angular.io100%3000
anthropic.com100%3000
archive.org100%3000
arxiv.org100%3000
asana.com100%3000
atlassian.com100%3000
australia.gov.au100%0030
aws.amazon.com100%3000
azure.microsoft.com100%3000
backlinko.com100%3000
bankofamerica.com100%3000
bankrate.com100%3000
barclays.co.uk100%3000
basecamp.com100%3000
belastingdienst.nl100%3000
berkeley.edu100%3000
bestbuy.com100%3000
binance.com100%3000
booking.com100%3000
botify.com100%3000
box.com100%3000
brex.com100%3000
brightedge.com100%3000
britannica.com100%3000
britishairways.com100%3000
bund.de100%3000
calm.com100%3000
cam.ac.uk100%3000
canada.ca100%3000
cdc.gov100%3000
character.ai100%3000
chase.com100%3000
clearscope.io100%0030
clevelandclinic.org100%3000
clickup.com100%3000
close.com100%3000
cloud.google.com100%3000
cloudflare.com100%3000
cmu.edu100%3000
codecademy.com100%3000
codeium.com100%3000
cohere.com100%3000
coinbase.com100%3000
conductor.com100%3000
contentkingapp.com100%0030
copy.ai100%3000
costco.com100%3000
crates.io100%3000
creditkarma.com100%3000
css-tricks.com100%3000
cursor.com100%3000
datadog.com100%3000
deel.com100%3000
deepmind.google100%3000
deliveroo.co.uk100%3000
delta.com100%3000
dev.to100%3000
developer.mozilla.org100%3000
deviantart.com100%3000
digitalocean.com100%3000
dnsimple.com100%3000
docker.com100%3000
docusign.com100%3000
dribbble.com100%3000
drift.com100%0030
dropbox.com100%3000
elevenlabs.io100%3000
engadget.com100%3000
etsy.com100%3000
europa.eu100%3000
expedia.com100%3000
expensify.com100%3000
fastly.com100%3000
fda.gov100%3000
fireflies.ai100%3000
fitbit.com100%3000
fly.io100%3000
frase.io100%3000
freecodecamp.org100%3000
freshworks.com100%3000
gamma.app100%2800
gandi.net100%3000
gitlab.com100%3000
golang.org100%3000
goodrx.com100%3000
gov.uk100%3000
groq.com100%3000
gutenberg.org100%3000
hashnode.com100%3000
hbomax.com100%3000
headspace.com100%3000
hetzner.com100%3000
homedepot.com100%3000
hopkinsmedicine.org100%3000
hostelworld.com100%3000
hover.com100%3000
hsbc.com100%3000
hubspot.com100%3000
huggingface.co100%3000
imf.org100%2800
independent.co.uk100%3000
intercom.com100%3000
irs.gov100%3000
justeattakeaway.com100%3000
kayak.com100%3000
kinsta.com100%3000
klaviyo.com100%3000
kraken.com100%3000
kubernetes.io100%3000
leetcode.com100%3000
linear.app100%3000
linkedin.com100%0030
linode.com100%3000
lufthansa.com100%3000
lumar.io100%3000
macrumors.com100%3000
mailchimp.com100%3000
majestic.com100%3000
marketmuse.com100%3000
merriam-webster.com100%3000
miro.com100%3000
mistral.ai100%3000
mit.edu100%3000
mixpanel.com100%3000
monday.com100%3000
mongodb.com100%3000
monzo.com100%3000
morningstar.com100%3000
moz.com100%3000
mysql.com100%3000
n26.com100%3000
namecheap.com100%3000
neilpatel.com100%3000
nerdwallet.com100%3000
netlify.app100%3000
netlify.com100%3000
newrelic.com100%3000
nhs.uk100%3000
nih.gov100%2800
nike.com100%3000
nodejs.org100%3000
oecd.org100%3000
oncrawl.com100%3000
openai.com100%3000
otter.ai100%3000
ouraring.com100%3000
ovhcloud.com100%3000
packagist.org100%3000
pagerduty.com100%3000
pantheon.io100%3000
paypal.com100%3000
perplexity.ai100%3000
php.net100%3000
pipedrive.com100%3000
plos.org100%3000
porkbun.com100%3000
postgresql.org100%3000
producthunt.com100%3000
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov100%3000
pypi.org100%3000
python.org100%3000
quickbooks.intuit.com100%3000
railway.com100%3000
ramp.com100%3000
reactjs.org100%3000
redis.io100%3000
render.com100%3000
replicate.com100%3000
revolut.com100%3000
rippling.com100%3000
rottentomatoes.com100%3000
roughguides.com100%3000
rubygems.org100%3000
runwayml.com100%3000
ryanair.com100%0030
sage.com100%3000
salesforce.com100%3000
santander.com100%3000
scmp.com100%3000
screamingfrog.co.uk100%3000
searchengineland.com100%2800
sec.gov100%3000
segment.com100%3000
semrush.com100%3000
sendgrid.com100%3000
seranking.com100%3000
seroundtable.com100%3000
serpstat.com100%3000
service-public.fr100%3000
shopify.com100%3000
similarweb.com100%3000
sistrix.com100%0030
sitepoint.com100%3000
skatteverket.se100%3000
sky.com100%3000
slack.com100%3000
slashdot.org100%3000
smashingmagazine.com100%3000
soundcloud.com100%3000
sourcegraph.com100%3000
spotify.com100%3000
springer.com100%3000
spyfu.com100%3000
sqlite.org100%3000
squarespace.com100%3000
stability.ai100%3000
stanford.edu100%3000
starlingbank.com100%3000
stripe.com100%3000
substack.com100%2800
surferseo.com100%3000
surveymonkey.com100%3000
svelte.dev100%3000
synthesia.io100%3000
tabnine.com100%2800
target.com100%3000
teladoc.com100%0030
thenextweb.com100%3000
time.com100%3000
trainline.com100%3000
trello.com100%3000
twilio.com100%3000
twitch.tv100%3000
typeform.com100%3000
ulta.com100%12018
un.org100%3000
unsplash.com100%3000
usa.gov100%3000
vercel.com100%3000
vrbo.com100%3000
vuejs.org100%3000
vultr.com100%2800
w3schools.com100%3000
walmart.com100%3000
wayfair.com100%3000
webflow.com100%2800
wellsfargo.com100%3000
wikipedia.org100%3000
wiktionary.org100%3000
wise.com100%3000
wix.com100%3000
worldbank.org100%3000
wpengine.com100%3000
writesonic.com100%3000
x.ai100%3000
xero.com100%3000
youtube.com100%3000
zalando.com100%0030
zendesk.com100%3000
zoho.com100%3000
zoom.us100%3000

Where does your site sit?

Review your current robots.txt policy and read the ChatGPT citation guide for the training-versus-search distinction. The AI crawler directory explains what each bot does, and the change log shows which sites changed their rules.

Cite this data

You are welcome to quote or republish these figures. Please credit IndexHalo with a link to this page (CC BY 4.0). All our datasets are on the data page.

CITATION

IndexHalo. "AI crawler access across major websites." Measured 3 November 2026. https://www.indexhalo.com/ai-crawler-report/

LINK HTML

<a href="https://www.indexhalo.com/ai-crawler-report/">AI crawler access across major websites, IndexHalo</a>
ACCESS IS ONLY THE FIRST LAYER

Reachable is not the same as citable.

See how AI answers your buyer question, which pages it cites and what to improve. Your first complete report is free when you sign up.

Run a free report